DRUGS AND THEIR SUBSTITUTES

Bone grafts and their substitutes.

The continual cycle of bone formation and resorption is carried out by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts under the direction of the bone-signaling pathway. In certain situations the host cycle of bone repair is insufficient and requires the assistance of bone grafts and their substitutes. The fundamental properties of a bone graft are osteoconduction, osteoinduction, osteogenesis, and st...

Natural Based Anticancer Drugs and Their Worthiness

Market Institutions and Their Bottom-Up Substitutes

This note will form the basis of my discussion at the World Bank Summer Workshop on Market Institutions. It is an overview of work done jointly with Simon Johnson and Christopher Woodruff, in Johnson, McMillan, and Woodruff (1999a, 1999b, 2000) and McMillan and Woodruff (1999a, 1999b, 2000), based on surveys of startupfirm managers in Vietnam, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Russia, and Ukraine. One...

Sucrose substitutes and their role in caries prevention.

Many non- or low-cariogenic sucrose substitutes are currently available and are found as ingredients of a variety of candy, chewing gum, and drinks. Recently the role of sugar alcohols in promoting remineralisation of enamel has attracted much attention. Thus, the dental profession needs to understand the general characteristics and features of sugar substitutes to provide advice on oral health...

natural based anticancer drugs and their worthiness

with the prevalence of every type of cancer increasing globally, the inability to treat and the severe side effects caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy are some of the biggest problems facing cancer patients and their physicians.1many herbal medicines have replaced their chemical rivals; for example, emetine lost its ground to metronidazole as an amoebicidal agent, and digoxin has given its...